Influence of fertilization schemes on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and volatile profile in Pinto Centauro bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Nora A. SALAS-SALAZAR; Esteban SÁNCHEZ-CHÁVEZ; Dayany E. SÁNCHEZ; América CHÁVEZ-MARTÍNEZ; Mayra C. SOTO-CABALLERO; María A. FLORES-CORDOVA

doi:10.15835/nbha53214499

Authors

Nora A. SALAS-SALAZAR Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Departmento de Poscosecha, Avenida Pascual Orozco, Campus 1, Santo Niño, CP 31350, Chihuahua (MX) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4878
Esteban SÁNCHEZ-CHÁVEZ Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Departmento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Av. Cuarta Sur No. 3820 Fraccionamiento Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias 33089, Chihuahua (MX) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-5194
Dayany E. SÁNCHEZ Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Departmento de Poscosecha, Avenida Pascual Orozco, Campus 1, Santo Niño, CP 31350, Chihuahua (MX)
América CHÁVEZ-MARTÍNEZ Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Departmento de Ecología, Periférico Francisco R Almada, Km 1, CP 31453, Chihuahua (MX) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-2572
Mayra C. SOTO-CABALLERO Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Departmento de Poscosecha, Avenida Pascual Orozco, Campus 1, Santo Niño, CP 31350, Chihuahua (MX) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-9749
María A. FLORES-CORDOVA Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Departmento de Poscosecha, Avenida Pascual Orozco, Campus 1, Santo Niño, CP 31350, Chihuahua (MX) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-8067

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53214499

Keywords:

anthocyanins, fertilization, Pinto bean, reducing power

Abstract

Beans are a nutritional staple food in many countries. Its high content of bioactive compounds provides antioxidant activity. Additionally, it contains volatile compounds that affect their sensory quality. This work aimed to study the effect of fertilization on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and volatiles in Pinto Centauro beans. An experimental design was used in randomized blocks with four fertilization treatments and four replications. The fertilization treatments were: Control (T0): N 41, P 46, and K 22 kg ha-1; Treatment 1 (T1): N 41, P 46, K 22, S 12, and Zn 1 kg ha^-1; Treatment 2 (T2): N 45, P 60, K 22, S 22, and Zn 1.5 kg ha^-1; Treatment 3 (T3): N 50, P 66, K 25, S 25, and Zn 2 kg ha^-1. The concentration of bioactive compounds (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins) and antioxidant activity were measured in the testa, cotyledon, and the seed. The abundance of volatile compounds was determined in the seed. Results indicated that the testa showed a higher (p > 0.05) concentration of bioactive compounds (total phenols 78.40 (T2), flavonoids 6.22 (T2), anthocyanins 6.95 (T1), and tannins 3.12 (T1) mg g^-1) compared to the cotyledon and seed. This was reflected in the higher antioxidant activity that presented the testa (p > 0.05). About fertilization, T1 and T2 presented the highest values of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Additionally, a positive and significant correlation was found between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In addition, T2 favors the profile and abundance of volatile compounds, respectively. Finally, it is concluded that fertilization with T2 and the lowest concentrations of N 45, P 60, K 22, S 22, and Zn 1.5 kg ha^-1 is the most suitable, as it favored the accumulation of bioactive compounds in the Pinto Centauro bean.

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