Effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress

Authors

  • Wen-Jing LI Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Economic Crops, HuBei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064; Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025 (CN)
  • Ming-Hua YAO Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Economic Crops, HuBei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064 (CN)
  • Yu-Quan PENG Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025 (CN)
  • Lan-Ting XU Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025 (CN)
  • Jin ZHU Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025 (CN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312132

Keywords:

aerenchyma, antioxidant enzyme activity, grafted bitter melon, osmosis-regulating substances, waterlogged substrate

Abstract

The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied using a two-factor randomized block design. At 8 and 16 days, the degree of reduction of grafted balsam pear was lower than those of self-rooted balsam pear, although the height and leaf number of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears were remarkably reduced under waterlogging stress. Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves but substantially increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the contents of osmosis-regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) in the leaves of balsam pear under waterlogging stress at 4, 8, and 16 days. The stem of grafted balsam pear formed aerenchyma (pith cavity) at 0 days, whereas the stem of self-rooted balsam pear formed aerenchyma at 4 days. The aerenchyma of the stem formed by grafted balsam pear was more developed than that formed by the self-rooted balsam pear under waterlogging stress. The petiole of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears formed aerenchyma at 16 days, and the aerenchyma of grafted balsam pear was more developed than that of self-rooted balsam pear. These results indicated that grafting improved the antioxidant and osmotic regulation ability of balsam pear and enhanced the tolerance of balsam pear to waterlogging stress by enlarging the pith cavity of the stem and petiole of balsam pear.

References

Alizadeh-vaskasi F, Pirdashti H, Araei AC, Saadatmand S (2018). Waterlogging effects on some antioxidant enzymes activities and yield of three wheat promising lines. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 111(3):621-631. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.3.10

Amrina H, Shahzad S, Siddiqui ZS (2019). Photochemistry of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem under fungal biocontrol interaction. Photosynthetica 56(2):743-749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0729-9

Al-Harbi AR, Al-Omran AM, Alharbi K (2018). Grafting improves cucumber water stress tolerance in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25(2):298-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.025

Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44(1):276-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8

Barton DA, Overall RL, Thomson JA (2015). Structure and development of the lateral-line aerenchyma in bracken ferns (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 176(7):662-669. https://doi.org/10.1086/682055

Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1):248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Barickman TC, Simpson CR, Sams CE (2019). Waterlogging causes early modification in the physiological performance, carotenoids, chlorophylls, proline, and soluble sugars of cucumber plants. Plants 8(6):160-174. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060160

Chávez-Arias CC, Gómez-Caro S, Restrepo-Díaz H (2019). Physiological, biochemical and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Physalis peruviana L. seedlings exposed to different short-term waterlogging periods and Fusarium wilt infection. Agronomy 9(5):213. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050213

Chance B, Maehly AC (1954). The assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods of Biochemical Analysis 76(21):764-775. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470110171.ch14

Duan XX, Qin D, Song HC, Gao TC, Zuo SH, Yan X, Dong JY (2019). Irpexlacte AD, four new bioactive metabolites of endophytic fungus Irpex lacteus DR10-1 from the waterlogging tolerant plant Distylium chinense. Phytochemistry Letters 32:151-156.

Esterbauer HK, Cheeseman H (1990). Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in Enzymology 186:407-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86134-h

Foyer CH (2018). Reactive oxygen species, oxidative signaling and the regulation of photosynthesis. Environmental and Experimental Botany 154:134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.05.003

Gong DH, Wang GZ, Si WT, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Jia J (2018). Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic pigments and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Kalidium foliatum. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 65(1):98-103. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718010144

Guo YY, Yu HY, Yang MM, Kong DS, Zhang YJ (2019). Effect of drought stress on lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves and roots of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedling. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 65(1):244-250. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718020127

Kavas M, Baloglu MC, Akca O, Köse FS, Gökçay D (2013). Effect of drought stress on oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in melon seedlings. Turkish Journal of Biology 37:491-498. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1210-55

Khosravi M S, Heidari R, Jamei R, Kouhi SMM, Moudi M (2018). Comparative growth and physiological responses of tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat to flooding stress. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 111(2):285-292. https://doi.org/10.14720/AAS.2018.111.2.04

Li HS (2000). Principle and techniques of botanic, chemical and physiological experiments. Bejing: Higher Education Press.

Li W, Mo W, Ashraf U, Li G, Wen T, Abrar M, Hu J (2018). Evaluation of physiological indices of waterlogging tolerance of different maize varieties in South China. Applied Ecology Environmental Research 16(18):2059-2072. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1602_20592072

Madadkhah E, Bolandnazar S, Oustan S (2018). Effect of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation and photosystem II efficiency in cucumber grafted on cucurbit rootstock. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences 49:465-475. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2017.232193.1247

Miao L, Li S, Bai L, Anwar A, Li Y, He C, Yu X (2019). Effect of grafting methods on physiological change of graft union formation in cucumber grafted onto bottle gourd rootstock. Scientia Horticulturae 244: 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.09.061

Prochazkova D, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Singh DV (2001). Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Science 161(4):765-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00462-9

Perez JL, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS (2019). Metabolite profiling and in vitro biological activities of two commercial balsam pear (Momordica charantia Linn.) cultivars. Food Chemistry 288:178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.120

Peng, YQ, Zhu J, Li WJ, Gao W, Shen RY, Meng LJ (2019). Effects of grafting on root growth, anaerobic respiration enzyme activity and aerenchyma of bitter melon under waterlogging stress. Scientia Horticulturae 261:108977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108977

Suchoff DH, Perkins-Veazie P, Sederoff HW, Schultheis JR, Kleinhenz MD, Louws FJ, Gunter CC (2018). Grafting the indeterminate tomato cultivar Moneymaker onto multifort rootstock improves cold tolerance. HortScience 53(11):1610-1617. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13311-18

Tavares ACS, Duarte SN, da Silva Dias N, da Silva Sá FV, de Miranda JH, de Souza KTS, and dos Santos Fernandes C (2018). Growth of sugar cane under cultivation flooded at different speeds lowering of the water table. Journal of Agricultural Science 10(11):122-131. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n10p122

Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Snider JL, Zhou Z (2019). Short-term soil-waterlogging contributes to cotton cross tolerance to chronic elevated temperature by regulating ROS metabolism in the subtending leaf. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 139(19): 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.038

Yang B, Peng C, Harrison S, Wei H, Wang H, Zhu Q, Wang M (2018). Allocation mechanisms of non-structural carbohydrates of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in response to drought and waterlogging. Forests 9(12):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120754

Yang C, Zhang X, Zhou C, Seago Jr JL (2011). Root and stem anatomy and histochemistry of four grasses from the Jianghan Floodplain along the Yangtze River, China. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 206(7):653-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.11.011

Yemm EW, Willis AJ (1954). The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochemical Journal 57(3):508-514. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0570508

Zhang J, Yin DJ, Fan SX, Li SG, Dong L (2019) Modulation of morphological and several physiological parameters in sedum under waterlogging and subsequent drainage. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 66:290-298. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443719020183

Published

2022-09-06

How to Cite

LI, W.-J., YAO, M.-H., PENG, Y.-Q., XU, L.-T., & ZHU, J. (2022). Effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50(3), 12132. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312132

Issue

Section

Research Articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.15835/nbha50312132