GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Extracts from Ficus sycomorus Fruits and Leaves

Authors

  • Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI 1) Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department, Giza, Cairo 2) Cairo University, Research Park (CURP), Giza, Cairo (EG)
  • Heba I. MOHAMED Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Science, Cairo (EG)
  • Abdelrahman S. ABDELAZEEM October University for Modern Science and Art (MSA), Faculty of Biotechnology (EG)
  • Reem YOUSSEF October University for Modern Science and Art (MSA), Faculty of Biotechnology (EG)
  • Gehan SAFWAT October University for Modern Science and Art (MSA), Faculty of Biotechnology (EG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47211405

Keywords:

antibacterial; anticancer activity; DPPH; fatty acids; flavonoids; phenols; steroids

Abstract

Higher plants have been utilized worldwide as characteristic drug a long time to cure human diseases. About 80% of individuals globally use plants as safe sources of medication to cure human diseases through completely different medicine system. One of the available indigenous medicinal plants, Ficus sycomorus belongs to the Moraceae family. The plant contains totally different teams of biologically active compounds that square measure chargeable for the biological activity. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Ficus sycomorus contain higher concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids than the fruit extracts. Ethanolic extract in both fruits and leaves gave higher concentrations of phytochemical compounds than the ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, fruit and leaves extract have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against gram positive, negative bacteria and fungus. Also, the percentage of Liver cell line (HepG2), Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and Breast cell line (MCF-7) viability was decreased with increasing the concentrations of the ethanolic extract of fruits and leaves of Ficus sycomorus. The high concentrations of ethanolic extract of fruits caused high reduction in the viability of cancer cells, especially in Colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. In addition, phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In GC-MS analysis, 12 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in fruits and 29 bioactive compounds were detected in leaves extract. These totally different active phytochemicals are found to possess a good vary of activities, which can facilitate within the protection against incurable diseases.

References

Abd El- Rahman SS, Mazen MM, Mohamed HI, Mahmoud NM (2012). Induction of defense related enzymes and phenolic compounds in lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and their effects on host resistance against Fusarium wilt. European Journal Plant Pathology 134(1):105-116.

Abdel-Hameed El-SS (2009). Total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity of certain Egyptian Ficus species leaf samples. Food Chemistry 114(4):1271-1277.

Abdel-Rahim EA, El-Beltagi HS (2010). Constituents of apple, parsley and lentil edible plants and their therapy treatments for blood picture as well as liver and kidneys functions against lipidemic disease. EJEAFChe 9(6):1117-1127.

Afify AEMMR, El-Beltagi HS, Fayed SA, El-Ansary AE (2018). Beneficial and potent effect of olive leaves extract on hyperglycemic state, kidney and liver function in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(5A):3733-3739.

Ahmed FA, Ragaa OO, Khalil FA (1986). Biochemical studies of the effect of growth regulator on safflower plant. Grasas y Aceites 37:68-71.

Aiyelaagbe O, Osamudiamen PM (2009). Phytochemical screening for active compounds in Mangifera indica leaves from Ibadan, Oyo State. Plant Sciences Research 1(2):11-13.

Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI (2008). In vitro antibacterial and phytochemical properties of crude extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana (Smith). African Journal of Biotechnology 7(20):3662-3667.

Al-matani SK, Al-Wahaibi RNS, Hossain MA (2015). In vitro evaluation of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of crude fruit extracts with different polarities from Ficus sycomorus. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering 17(3):103-108.

Ao C, Li A, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD, Tawata S (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ficus microcarpa L. fil. extract. Food Control 19(10):940-948.

AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 17th edn (edited by

Horwitz W). Washington, DC.

Arima H, Ashida H, Danno G (2002). Rutin-enhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 66(5):1009-1014.

Bagavathi PE, Ramasamy N (2012). GC-MS analysis of phytocomponents in the ethanol extract of Polygonum chinense L. Pharmacognosy Research 4(1):11-14.

Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 45(4):493-496.

Bello OM, Gafar MK, Haruna A, Zack AM (2013). In vivo toxicity studies and phytochemeical screening of steam bark of Ficus sycomorus linn (Moraceae). Asian Journal of Science and Technology 4(12):45-47.

Bello OM, Ojediran OJ, Dada OA, Olatunya AM, Awakan OJ (2015). In-vivo toxicity studies and phytochemical screening of stem bark of Ficus sycomorus Linn (Moraceae). Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 9(3):72-74.

Blasiak J, Trzeciak A, Gasiorowska A, Drzewoski J, Maiecka-Panas E (2002). Vitamin C and quercetin modulate DNA-damaging effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine. Plant Food for Human Nutrition 57(1):53-61.

Braide W, Dokubo KO, Adeleye SA, Uzoh CV, Akobundu CI (2018). Phytochemical properties, toxicological screening and antibacterial qualities of various parts extracts of Ficus sycomorus. Journal of Medicinal Plant and Herbal Therapy Research 6:1-8.

Bruneton J (2009). Menthe in: pharmacognosie, phytochimie, plantes médicinales (4th edn). Lavoisier Tec & Doc, Paris, pp 631-638.

Cabeza M, Bratoeff E, Heuze I, Ramírez E, Sanchez M, Flores E (2003). Effect of ?-sitosterol as inhibitor of 5?-reductase in hamster prostate. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society 46:153-155.

Chew YL, Lima YY, Omara M, Khoab KS (2008). Antioxidant activity of three edible seaweeds from two areas in South East Asia. LWT-Food Science and Technology 41(6):1067-1072.

Chou HJ, Kuo JT, Lin ES (2009). Comparative antioxidant properties of water extracts from different parts of beefsteak plant (Perilla frutescens). Journal of Food and Drug Anaylsis 17(6):489-496.

Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C (1992). Comparison of the antioxidative activity of some acid-phenols: structure-activity relationships. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 56:324-325.

Daniel D, Dluya T (2016). In vitro biochemical assessments of methanol stem bark extracts of Ficus sycomorus plant. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 9(1):63-68.

Denwick PM (2002). Natural products: a biosynthetic approach. 2nd Edn., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., England, pp 241-243.

El-Beltagi HES (2011). Effect of roasting treatments on protein fraction profiles, some enzyme activities of Egyptian peanuts. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 62(5):453-456.

El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI, Megahed BMH, Gamal M, Safwat G (2018). Evaluation of some chemical constituents, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of Beta vulgaris L. root. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(9):369-6378.

El-Sayed MM, Mahmoud M AA, ElNahas HAK, El-Toumy SAH, El-Wakil EA, Ghareeb MA (2010) Bio-.guided isolation and structure elucidation of antioxidant compounds from the leaves of Ficus sycomorus. Pharmacologyonline 3:317-332.

Gordon MH (1990). The mechanism of antioxidant action in vitro. In: Hudson BJF, ed. Food antioxidants. Elsevier Applied Food Science Series. Springer Netherlands, pp 1-18.

Goupy P, Hugues M, Biovin P, Amiot MJ (1999). Antioxidant composition and activity of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and malt extracts and of isolated phenolic compounds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79(12):1625-1634.

Hae-Ryong P, Eunju P, A-Ram R, Kyung-Im J, Ji-Hwan H, Seung-Cheol L (2006). Antioxidant activity of extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus. African Journal of Biotechnology 5(23):2388-2396.

Harborne JB (1998). Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall, London, pp 54-84.

Hassan S, Lawal M, Muhammad B, Umar R (2007). Effects of anthraquinone glycosides and aqueous ethanol extracts of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) on rat liver and kidney functions. Asian Journal of Biochemistry 2(2):136-141.

Hodek P, Trefil P, Stiborova M (2002). Flavonoids-potent and versatile biologically active compounds interacting with cytochrome. Chemico-Biological Interactions 139(1):1-21

Ibrahim G, Mahmud N, Yaro AH, Ahmed A (2000). Phytochemical and toxicity evaluation of the stem bark of Ficus sycomorus Linn (Moraceae). Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics 3:37-40.

Ivanov I, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Petkova N, Denev P, Pavlov A (2018). GC-MS analysis of unpolar fraction from Ficus carica L. (fig) leaves. International Food Research Journal 25(1):282-286.

Jiang ST, Shao1 P, Pan LJ, Zhao YY. (2006). Molecular distillation for recovering tocopherol and fatty acid methyl esters from rapeseed oil. Deodoriser Distillate Biosystems Engineering 93(4):383-391.

Joseph B, Raj SJ (2011). Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Ficus carica Linn–an overview. International Journal of Pharmtech Research 3(1):8-12.

Kamel JM (1991). An extract of the mesocarps of fruits of Balanite aegyptiaca exhibited prominent antidiabetic properties in mice. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39:1229-1233.

Kazlowska K, Lin HTV, Chang SH, Tsai GJ (2013). In vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of sterol fraction from red algae Porphyra dentate. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1-10.

Kesba HH, El-Beltagi HS (2012). Biochemical changes in grape rootstocks resulted from humic acid treatments in relation to nematode infection. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropicl Biomedicin 2(4):287-293.

Kobeasy MI, El-Beltagi HS, El-Shazly MA, Khattab EA (2011). Induction of resistance in Arachis hypogaea L. against peanut mottle virus by nitric oxide and salicylic acid. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 76:112-118.

Kumawat BK, Gupta M, Tarachand SY (2012). Free radical scavenging effect of various extracts of leaves of Balanite aegyptica (L.) delile by DPPH method. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 2(3):323-329.

Lansky EP, Paavilainen HM, Pawlus AD Newman RA (2008). Ficus spp: ethnobotany and potential as anticancer and antiinflammatory agent. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(2):195-213.

Lee J, Durst RW, Wrolstad RE (2005). Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 88(5):1269-1278.

Lopez D, Pavelkova M, Gallova L, Simonetti P, Gardana C (2007). Dealcoholized red and white wines decrease oxidative stress associated with inflammation in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 98(3):611-619.

MacKay DS, Jones PJH (2011). Phytosterols in human nutrition: type, formulation, delivery, and physiological function. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 113(12):1427-1432.

Manimozhi DM, Sankaranarayanan S, Kumar GS (2012). Effect of different extracts of stem bark of Ficus sp. on multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3(7):2122-2129.

Mark P (1998). Antioxidants. Clinical Nutrition Insights 31:01-04.

Mattila P, Astola J, Kumpulainen J (2000). Determination of flavonoids in plant material by HPLC with diode-array and electro-array detections. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 48(12):5834-5841.

Menon LG, Kuttan R, Kuttan G (1995) Inhibition of lung metastasis in mice induced by B16F10 melanoma cells by polyphenolic compounds. Cancer Letters 95(1-2):221-225

Mohamed ZM, Salem AZ, Salem M, Camacho LM, Hayssam MA (2013). Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical composition of extracts of Ficus species: an overview. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7(33):4207-4219

Mousa O, Vuorela P, Kiviranta J, Wahab SA, Hiltohen R, Vuorela H (1994). Bioactivity of certain Egyptian Ficus species. Planta Medica 58(S1):632-633.

Mudi SY, Muhammad A, Musa J, Datti Y (2015). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaves and fruits extract of Ficus sycomorus. ChemSearch Journal 6(1):62-67.

Nobori T, Miurak K, Wu DJ, Lois A, TakabayashikDA (1994). Deletion of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers. Nature 368(6473):753-756.

Ogunlesi M, Okiei W, Ofor E, Osibote AE (2009). Analysis of the essential oil from the dried leaves of Euphorbia hirta Linn (Euphorbiaceae), a potential medication for asthma. African Journal of Biotechology 8(24):7042-7050.

Ogunleye DS, Ibitoye SF (2003). Studies of antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of Ximenia americana. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2:239-241.

Okuyama T, Takata M, Takayasu J, Hasegawa T, Tokuda H, Nishino A, Nishino H, Iwashima A (1991). Anti-tumor-promotion by principles obtained from Angelica keiskei. Planta Medica 57(3):242-246.

Okwu DE (2001). Phytochemicals and vitamin content of indigenous spices of Southeastern Nigeria. Journal for Sustaining Agricultural Environment 6(1):30-37.

Pejin B, Savic A, Sokovic M, Glamoclija J, Ciric A, Nikolic M, Radotic K, Mojovic M (2014). Further in vitro evaluation of antiradical and antimicrobial activities of phytol. Natural Product Research 28(6):372-376.

Praveen KP, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C (2010). Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 4(7):191-195.

Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM (2006). Anti-inflammatory activity of ?-sitosterol in a model of oxazolone-induced contact-delayed-type hypersensitivity. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 5(3):57-62.

Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K (2005). Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 53(10):4290-4302.

Ramde-Tiendrebeogo A, Tibiri A, Hilou A, Lompo M, Millogo- Kone H. et al. (2012). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of phenolic compounds from Ficus sur Forssk and Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae): potential for sickle cell disease treatment in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biology and Chemical Science 6(1):328-336.

Rauha JP, Remes S, Herinonen W, Hopia M, Kgjala T, Pitinlaja K et al. (2000). Antimicrobial effects of finished plant extract containing flavanoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology 56(1):3-12.

Reiffel JA, McDonald A (2006). Antiarrhythmic effects of omega-3 fatty acids. American Journal of Cardiology 98(4):50-60.

Repetto G, del Peso A, Zurita JL (2008). Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability/cytotoxicity. Nature Protocols 3(7):1125-1131.

Rodriguez J, Yáñez J, Vicente V, Alcaraz M, Benavente-García O et al. (2002). Effects of several flavonoids on the growth of B16F10 and SKMEL- 1 melanoma cell lines: relationship between structure and activity. Melanoma Research 12(2):99-107.

Romeh AA (2013). Phytochemicals from Ficus sycomorus L. leaves act as insecticides and acaricides. African Journal of Agricultural Research 8(27):3571-3579.

Sandabe K, Onyeyili PA, Chibuzo GA (2006). Phytochemical screening and effect of aqueous extract of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) stembark on muscular activity in laboratory animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104(1-2):283-285.

Sandabe UK, Abdurrahaman F, Goniri B, Baba U (2007). The combined effects of aqueous extract of Ficus sycomorus. (Moraceae) stem and Nigella sativa. (Ranuncualaceae) seeds of hematological and biochemical parameters in rabbits. Animal Research International 4(3):753-757.

Saxena V, Mishra G, Saxena A, Vishwakarma KR (2013). A comparative study on quantitative estimation of tannins in Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia arjuna and Saraca indica using spectrophotometer. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 6(3):148-149.

Scalbert A (1991). Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry 30(12):3875-3883.

Seeram NP, Adams LS, Hardy ML, Heber D (2004) Total cranberry extract versus its phytochemical constituents: antiproliferative and synergistic effects against human tumor cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(9):2512-7.

Seidel V, Taylor PW (2004). In-vitro activity of extracts and constituents of Pelagonium against rapidly growing mycobacteria. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 23(6):613-619.

Shallan MA, El-Beltagi HS, Mona AM, Amera TM, Sohir NA (2010). Effect of amylose content and pre-germinated brown rice on serum blood glucose and lipids in experimental animal. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4(2):114-121.

Sheba DW, Saxena RK, Gupta R (1999). The fungistatic action of oleic acid. Current Science 76:1137-1140.

Singleton V, Rossi J (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolibdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. The American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 16(3):144-158.

Soonham Y (2015). Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of alkaloids of Rhazya stricta. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, pp 152.

Sumathy N, Sumathy J (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of musa fruit peels against skin and gastrointestinal tract diseases. Herbal Tech Industry 2:9-11.

Tim-Cushnie TP (2014). Alkaloid: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic enhancing and antivirulence activities International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 4(5):377-386.

Van NS, Gardiner A, Tolley K (2007). New records of Ficus (Moraceae) species emphasize the conservation significance of inselbergs in Mozambique. South African Journal of Botany 73(4):642-649.

Vogel AI (1975). A textbook of practical organic chemistry. 3rd Ed., Longman, Group Limited London.

Ward OP, Singh A (2005). Omega-3/6 fatty acids: alternative sources of production. Process Biochemistry 40(12):3627-3652.

You BR, Park WH (2010) Gallic acid-induced lung cancer cell death is related to glutathione depletion as well as reactive oxygen species increase. Toxicology in Vitro 24(5):1356-1362.

Zaku S, Abdulrahama F, Onyeyili P, Aguzue O, Thomas S (2009). Phytochemical constituents and effects of aqueous root-bark extract of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moracaea) on muscular relaxation, anaesthetic and sleeping time on laboratory animals. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(21):329-337.

Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry 64(4):555-559.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-21

How to Cite

EL-BELTAGI, H. S., MOHAMED, H. I., ABDELAZEEM, A. S., YOUSSEF, R., & SAFWAT, G. (2018). GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Extracts from Ficus sycomorus Fruits and Leaves. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(2), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47211405

Issue

Section

Research Articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.15835/nbha47211405

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3