Genetic Association between Foliage Yield and Contributing Traits in Vegetable Chenopods: Implications for Genetic Improvement

Authors

  • Atul BHARGAVA Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028 (IN)
  • Francisco FUENTES Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago (CL)
  • Sudhir SHUKLA National Botanical Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lucknow 226001 (IN)
  • Shilpi SRIVASTAVA Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028 (IN)
  • Deepak OHRI National Botanical Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lucknow 226001 (IN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111199

Keywords:

Chenopodium album, foliage yield, protein, correlation, path analysis

Abstract

A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the foliage yield potential in 13 germplasm lines of Chenopodium album for 3 successive cuttings. Correlations among foliage yield and its contributing traits, along with path analysis was also worked out. Foliage yield was maximum for C. album IC 107297, followed by C. album H.P. and C. album amaranticolor. The genotype × year interaction was non-significant for all the traits except stem diameter and moisture content. Leaf size, plant height and stem diameter showed significant positive correlation with foliage yield both at phenotypic and genotypic levels in all the cuttings. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b showed positive association with carotenoid content and negative association with ascorbic acid in all the cuttings as well as on pooled basis. Significant negative association was observed between leaves/plant and foliage yield at genotypic level in all the cuttings (Ist cutting: -0.472*; IInd cutting: -0.414*; IIIrd cutting: -0.480*) as well as on pooled basis (-0.591**). Protein content negatively affected foliage yield in all the cuttings. Fibre content had high negative value of direct path for pooled data but positively influenced foliage yield indirectly via leaves/plant, stem diameter, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and protein content. Ascorbic acid positively affected yield in Ist cutting as well as on pooled basis. Leaf size had high positive direct effect and significant positive association with foliage yield that indicates a true relationship between these traits. Leaf size also indirectly affected foliage yield in a positive direction through majority of other traits. Thus, direct selection for leaf size should be exercised to bring about improvement in foliage yield in C. album.

Author Biographies

Atul BHARGAVA, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028

Dr. Atul Bhargava completed his Ph.D in 2005 from National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow and postdoctoral studies from Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cytogenetics at the University of Delhi. He is a senior faculty at Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Lucknow and Programme Leader for the prestigious B.Sc (H)-BT programme at Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus). He has more than 45 research papers in reputed journals, 3 books and numerous book chapters to his credit. Dr. Bhargava is also serving as an editorial board member of several international journals of repute. 

Sudhir SHUKLA, National Botanical Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lucknow 226001

Senior Principal Scientist, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India

Shilpi SRIVASTAVA, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028

Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028, India

Deepak OHRI, National Botanical Research Institute, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lucknow 226001

Professor and Deputy Dean (Research), Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow 226028, India

References

Abel S, Gislum R, Boelt B (2017). Path and correlation analysis of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed yield components. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 203:338-344.

Aletor O, Oshodi AA, Ipinmoroti K (2002). Chemical composition of common leafy vegetables and functional properties of their leaf protein concentrates. Food Chemistry 78:63-68.

Aastveit AH, Aastveit K (1993). Effects of genotype environment interactions on genetic correlations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86:1007-1013.

Akram-Ghaderi F, Soltani A (2007). Leaf area relationships to plant vegetative characteristics in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in a temperate sub-humid environment. International Journal of Plant Production 1:63-71.

Annicchiarico P, Romani M (2005). Genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlations for forage quality and yield traits of Mediterranean tall fescue germplasm. Plant Breeding 124:99-101.

Awal MA, Ishak W, Endar J, Haniff M (2004). Determination of specific leaf area and leaf area-leaf mass relationship in oil palm plantation. Asian Journal of Plant Science 3:264-268.

Bakshi DNG, Sensarma P, Pal DC (1999). A lexicon of medicinal plants of India, Calcutta, Naya Prakash.

Bazile D, Pulvento C, Verniau A, Al-Nusairi MS, Ba D, Breidy J (2016). Worldwide evaluations of quinoa: preliminary results from post international year of quinoa FAO projects in nine countries. Frontier in Plant Science 7:850.

Batta RK, Sidhu BS, Mehndiratta PD (1995). Forage production of Amaranthus ssp. on the Indian sub-continent. Rangelands in a sustainable biosphere. Proceedings of the Vth International Rangeland Congress, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Katiyar RS, Ohri D (2003a). Selection parameters for genetic improvement in Chenopodium grain on sodic soil. Journal of Applied Horticulture 5:45-48.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2003b). Genetic association in Chenopodium. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 63:283-284.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2006a). Chenopodium quinoa - an Indian perspective. Industrial Crops Production 23:73-87.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2006b). Karyotypic studies on some cultivated and wild species of Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53:1309-1320.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2007a). Evaluation of foliage yield and leaf quality traits in Chenopodium spp. in multiyear trials. Euphytica 153:199-213.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2007b). Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Field Crops Research 101:104-116.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2008). Implications of direct and indirect selection parameters for improvement of grain yield and quality components in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. International Journal of Plant Production 2:184-191.

Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2010). Mineral composition in foliage of some cultivated and wild species of Chenopodium. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8:371-376.

Bhargava A, Ohri D (2015). Quinoa in the Indian subcontinent. In: Bazile et al. (Eds). FAO and CIRAD: state of the art report of quinoa in the world in 2013. FAO, Rome, Italy pp 511-523.

Bhargava A, Ohri D (2016). Origin of genetic variability and improvement of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). In: Rajpal VR, Rao SR, Raina SN (Eds). Gene pool diversity and crop improvement. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland pp 241-270.

Bilalis D, Roussis I, Fuentes F, Kakabouki I, Travlos I (2017). Organic agriculture and innovative crops under Mediterranean conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45:323-331.

Bizeti HS, Carvalho CGP, Souza JRP, Destro D (2004). Path analysis under multicollinearity in soybean. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47: 669-676.

Carpici E, Celik N (2010). Determining possible relationships between yield and yield-related components in forage maize (Zea mays L.) using correlation and path analyses. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 38:280-285.

Chaulagain R, Pant SS, Thapa RB, Sharma MD (2011). Performance of coriander cultivars for green leaf production under late sowing condition. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment 12:67-73.

Chen Y, Lübberstedt T (2010). Molecular basis of trait correlations. Trends in Plant Science 15:454-461.

Dewey DR, Lu KH (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass seed production. Agronomy Journal 51:515-518.

dos Santos A, Ceccon G, Davide LMC, Correa AM, Alves VB (2014). Correlations and path analysis of yield components in cowpea. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14:82-87.

Falconer DS (1989). Introduction to quantitative genetics. (3rd ed) London, Longman Sci. and Tech.

Fuentes F, Bhargava A (2011). Morphological analysis of quinoa germplasm grown under lowland desert conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 197:124-134.

Fuentes F, Paredes-Gónzalez X (2015). Nutraceutical perspectives of quinoa: biological properties and functional applications. In: Bazile et al. (Eds). FAO and CIRAD: state of the art report of quinoa in the world in 2013. FAO, Rome, Italy pp 286-299.

Garcia del Morel LF, Rharrabti Y, Villegas D, Royo C (2003). Evaluation of grain yield and its components in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions: an ontogenic approach. Agronomy Journal 95:266-274.

Glick D (1954). Methods of biochemical analysis. Vol. 1, New York, Interscience Publishers Inc.

Iptas S, Acar AA (2006). Effect of hybrid and row spacing on maize forage yield and quality. Plant Soil and Environment 11:515-522.

Jacobsen SE (2003). The worldwide potential for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Reviews International 19:167-177.

Jenner CF, Ugalde TD, Aspinall D (1991). The physiology of starch and protein deposition in the endosperm of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 18:211-226.

Jensen A (1978). Chlorophylls and carotenoids. In: Hellebust JA, Craigie JS (Eds). Handbook of physiological methods: physiological and biochemical methods, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 5-70.

Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1955). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation in soybean and their implication in selection. Agronomy Journal 47:477-485.

Joshi BD (1991). Genetic resources of leaf and grain Amaranthus and chenopod. In: Swaminathan MS, Jana S (Eds). Biodiversity. Macmillan India Ltd, Madras pp 121-134.

Kaul HP, Laible WB, Nalborczyk E, Pirog S, Wasiak K (1996). The suitability of amaranth genotypes for grain and fodder use in central Europe. Bodenkultur 47:173-181.

Khan ASMMR, Eyasmin R, Rashid MH, Ishtiaque S, Chaki AK (2016). Variability, heritability, character association, path analysis and morphological diversity in snake gourd. Agriculture and Natural Resources 50:483-489.

Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (2001). Indian medicinal plants (Vol. 9), Dehradun, Oriental Enterprises.

Kunkel G (1984). Plants for human consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.

Lopez-Anido F, Cointry E, Picardi L, Camadro E (1997) Genetic variability of productive and vegetative characters in Asparagus officinalis L.- estimates of heritability and genetic correlations. Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20:275-281.

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951). Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193:265-275.

Madrid D, Salgado E, Verdugo G, Olguín P, Bilalis D, Fuentes F (2018). Morphological traits defining breeding criteria for coastal quinoa in Chile. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46:190-196.

Manenti T, Sørensen JG, Moghadam NN, Loeschcke V (2016). Few genetic and environmental correlations between life history and stress resistance traits affect adaptation to fluctuating thermal regimes. Heredity 117:149-154.

Matteucci SD (1998). Potencial productivo del amaranto en la pampa ondulada, Argentina: Comportamiento de seis germoplasmas. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 15:560-570.

Mihretu Y, Weyessa G, Adugna D (2014). Variability and association of quantitative characters among okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) collection in South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Biological Sciences 14:336-342.

Moerman D (1998). Native American ethnobotany. Timber Press, Oregon.

Partap T (1990). Exploiting underexploited crop plants of mountain agriculture: chenopods. In: Riley KW, Mateo N, Hawtin GC, Yadav RP (Eds). Mountain agriculture and crop genetic resources, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

Partap T, Kapoor P (1985). The Himalayan grain chenopods I. distribution and ethnobotany. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 14:185-199.

Partap T, Joshi BD, Galwey NW (1998). Chenopods: Chenopodium spp. promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/ International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.

Pleijel H, Mortensen L, Fuhrer J, Ojanpera K, Danielsson H (1999). Grain protein accumulation in relation to grain yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in open-top chambers with different concentrations of ozone, carbon dioxide and water availability. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 72:265-270.

Prakash D, Nath P, Pal M (1993). Composition, variation of nutritional contents in leaves, seed protein, fat and fatty acid profile of Chenopodium species. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 62:203-205.

Punzalan D, Delcourt M, Rundle HD (2014). Comparing the intersex genetic correlation for fitness across novel environments in the fruit fly, Drosophila serrata. Heredity 112:143-148.

Ranjbar A, Sepaskhah AR, Emadi S (2015). Relationships between wheat yield, yield components and physico-chemical properties of soil under rain-fed conditions. International Journal of Plant Production 9:433-466.

Risi J, Galwey NW (1989). The pattern of genetic diversity in the Andean grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). II Multivariate methods. Euphytica 41:135-145.

Santos A, Ceccon G, Davide LMC, Correa AM, Alves VB (2014). Correlations and path analysis of yield components in cowpea. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14:82-87.

Santos EAd, Almeida A-AFd, Branco MCdS, Santos ICd, Ahnert D, Baligar VC, Valle RR (2018). Path analysis of phenotypic traits in young cacao plants under drought conditions. PLoS One 13:e0191847.

Sarker U, Islam MT, Rabbani MG, Oba S (2015). Variability, heritability and genetic association in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13:1-8.

Shukla S, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A, Singh SP (2004). Interrelationship among foliage yield and its contributing traits in vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor). Progressive Horticulture 36:299-305.

Shukla S, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A, Singh SP (2006) Genotypic variability in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) for foliage yield and its contributing traits over successive cuttings and years. Euphytica 151:103-110.

Sincik M, Goksoy A (2014). Investigation of correlation between traits and path analysis of confectionary sunflower genotypes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42:227-231.

Siddiqi A, Shukla S, Rastogi A, Bhargava A, Niranjan A, Lehri A (2016). Relationship among phenotypic and quality traits in indigenous and exotic accessions of linseed. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51:1964-1972.

Singh RK, Chaudhary BD (1985). Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis, New Delhi, Kalyani Publishers.

Singh VK, Govil JN, Hashmi S, Singh G (2003). Recent progress in medicinal plants (Vol. 7) ethnomedicine and pharmacognosy. LLC, Studium Press.

Solovieff N, Cotsapas C, Lee PH, Purcell SM, Smoller JW (2013). Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies. Nature Reviews Genetics 14:483-495.

Streiner DL (2005). Finding our way: an introduction to path analysis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50:115-122.

Tanaka T (1976). Tanaka’s cyclopaedia of edible plants of the world. Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo.

Watson CA (1994). Official and standardized methods of analysis. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.

Wilkins PW, Humphreys MO (2003). Progress in breeding perennial forage grasses for temperate agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science 140:129-150.

Wright S (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research 20:557-585.

Wright S (1923). The theory of path coefficients: a reply to Niles’s criticism. Genetics 8:39-255.

Young KJ, Eunji L, Seungkook P, Won CG, Kwon BN (2000). Physicochemical quality characteristics of several Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) cultivars. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 18:348-352.

Downloads

Published

2018-09-03

How to Cite

BHARGAVA, A., FUENTES, F., SHUKLA, S., SRIVASTAVA, S., & OHRI, D. (2018). Genetic Association between Foliage Yield and Contributing Traits in Vegetable Chenopods: Implications for Genetic Improvement. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111199

Issue

Section

Research Articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.15835/nbha47111199