Impact of Wheat Residue on Soil Erosion Processes

Ataollah KAVIAN; Leila GHOLAMI; Maziar MOHAMMADI; Velibor SPALEVIC; Moghadeseh FALAH SORAKI

doi:10.15835/nbha46211192

Authors

Ataollah KAVIAN Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Watershed Management, Sari, Iran
Leila GHOLAMI Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Watershed Management, Sari, Iran
Maziar MOHAMMADI Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Watershed Management, Sari, Iran
Velibor SPALEVIC University of Montenegro, Geography Department of the Faculty of Philosophy, D. Bojovica, 81400 Niksic (ME) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-2909
Moghadeseh FALAH SORAKI Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Watershed Management, Sari, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211192

Keywords:

agricultural plants, runoff, rainfall duration, soil conservation, soil loss

Abstract

Soil erosion is one of the key challenges in soil and water conservation. Vegetation that covers soil and organic and inorganic mulch is very useful for the control of erosion processes. This study examined treatment with wheat residual (as agriculture mulch) on infiltration, time to runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion processes. The study has been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from summer rangeland (Northern Iran) with simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h^-1. The experiment was conducted in slopes of 30% in three replications with two amounts of wheat residual of 50 and 90 %. The results showed that conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual 50 and 90% was 61.68 and 73.25%, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 50 mm h^-1). Also, the conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual of 50 and 90% cover was 70.68 and 90.55, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 100 mm h^-1). It was concluded that the conservation treatments could reduce runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion and increase the time to runoff and infiltration coefficient. This effect was significant on time for infiltration, sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R²=0.99), time to runoff and runoff coefficient variables (R²=0.95). The interaction effects of rainfall intensity and soil conservation was significant for sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R²=0.99).

References

Adams JE (1966). Influence of mulches on runoff, erosion, and soil moisture depletion. Soil Science Society of America Journal 30(1):110-114.

Adekalu KO, Olorunfemi IA, Osunbitan JA (2007). Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria. Bioresource Technology 98:912-917.

Amimoto PY (1981). Erosion and sediment control handbook. California Department of Conservation Representative, No. EPA 4 40/3-78-003.

Auerswald K, Kainz M, Fiener P (2003). Soil erosion potential of organic versus conventional farming evaluated by USLE modelling of cropping statistics for agricultural districts in Bavaria. Soil Use Management 19:305-311.

Castillo VM, Martinez-Mena M, Albaladejo J (1997). Runoff and soil loss response to vegetation removal in a semiarid environment. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61:1116-1121.

Center for Watershed Protection (2001). Mats and blankets fact sheet in Stromwater Managers Resource Center. www.stormwatercenter.net. Ellicott City, MD.

Cerdan O, Le Bissonnais Y, Souchère V, Martin P, Lecomte V (2002). Sediment concentration in interrill flow: Interactions between soil surface conditions, vegetation and rainfall. Earth Surface Processes Landforms 27:193-205.

Cerdà A, Pelayo OG, Giménez-Morera A, Jordán A, Novara A, Pereira P, Mataix-Solera J (2015). The barley straw residues avoid high erosion rates in persimmon plantations. Eastern Spain. Geophysical Research Abstracts 17: EGU2015-2205-4, 2015 EGU General Assembly.

Cerdà A, Gonzalez-Pelayo O, Gimenez-Morera A, Jordan A, Pereira P, Novara A, … Ritsema C (2016). The use of barley straw residues to avoid high erosion and runoff rates on persimmon plantations in Eastern Spain under low frequency – high magnitude simulated rainfall events. Soil Research 54(2):154-165.

Cogo NP, Moldenhauer WC, Foster GR (1984). Soil loss reductions from conservation tillage practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48:368-373.

Defersha MB, Quraishi S, Mellese AM (2011). The Effect of slope steepness and antecedent moisture content on interrill erosion, runoff and sediment size distribution in the highlands of Ethiopia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15:2367-2375.

Duley FL, Kelly LL (1939). Effect of soil type, slope and surface conditions on intake of water. Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin, 112.

Fernandez C, Vega JA (2014). Efficacy of bark strands and straw mulching after wildfire in NW Spain: Effects on erosion control and vegetation recovery. Ecological Engineering 63:50-57.

García-Orenes F, Guerrero C, Roldán A, Mataix-Solera J, Cerdà A, Campoy M, … Caravaca F (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activity under different agricultural management systems in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil and Tillage Research 109:110-115.

Ghahramani A, Ishikawa Y, Gomi T, Katsushige SH, Miyata SH (2011). Effect of ground cover on splash and sheetwash erosion over a steep forested hillslope: A plot-scale study. Catena 85:34-47.

Gholami L, Khaledi Darvishan A, Kavian A (2016a). Wood chips as soil conservation in field conditions. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9:729.

Gholami L, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M (2016b). Different effects of sheep manure conditioner on runoff and soil loss components in eroded soil. Catena 139:99-104.

Gholami L, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M (2013). Straw mulching effect on splash erosion, runoff and sediment yield from eroded plots. Soil Science Society of American Journal 77:268-278.

Groen AH, Woods SW (2008). Effectiveness of aerial seeding and straw mulch for reducing post-wildfire erosion, north-western Montana, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(5):559-571.

Ji S, Unger PW, (2001). Soil water accumulation under different precipitation, potential evaporation, and straw mulch conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65:442-448.

Jiang L, Dami I, Mathers HM, Dick WA, Doohan D (2011). The Effect of straw mulch on simulated simazine leaching and runoff. Weed Science 59(4):580-586.

Jimenez MN, Fernandez-Ondono E, Ripoll MA, Castro-Rodriguez J, Huntsinger L, Navarro FB (2016). Stones and organic mulches improve the Quercus ilex L. A forestation success under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Land Degradation Development 7(2):357-365.

Jordán A, Zavala LM, Gil J, (2010). Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in Southern Spain. Catena 81:77-85.

Kavian A, Hoseinpoor Sabet S, Solaimani K, Jafari B (2017). Simulating the effects of land use changes on soil erosion using RUSLE model. Geocarto International 3(1):97-111.

Khaledi Darvishan A, Homayounfar V, Sadeghi SHR (2016). The impact of standard preparation practice on the runoff and soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth 7(5):1293-1302.

Khaledi Darvishan A, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M, Arabkhedri M (2012). Potential use of synthetic color-contrast aggregates and a digital image processing technique in soil splash measurements. ICCE 2012, International Symposium on “Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment” pp 364-368.

Khaledi Darvishan A, Sadeghi SHR, Homaee M, Arabkhedri M (2014). Measuring sheet erosion using synthetic color-contrast aggregates. Hydrological Processes 28(15):4463-4471.

Kukal SS, Sarkar M (2010). Splash erosion and infiltration in relation to mulching and polyviny alcohol application in semi-arid tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 56(6):697-705.

Kukal SS, Sarkar M, (2011). Laboratory simulation studies on splash erosion and crusting in relation to surface roughness and raindrop size. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 59(1):87-93.

Lal R (1976). Soil erosion on alfisols in western Nigeria II effect of mulch rates. Geoderma 16:377-382.

Lal R (1998). Mulching effects on runoff, soil erosion and crop response on alfisols in Western Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 11(2/3):135-154.

Larney FJ, Janzen HH, Olson BM, Olson AF(2009). Erosion-productivity-soil amendment relationships for wheat over 16 years. Soil and Tillage Research 103(1):73-83.

Lee S, Won CH, Shin M, Park W, Choi Y, Shin J, Choi J (2012). Application of surface cover and soil amendment for reduction of soil erosion from sloping field in Korea. International Conference of Agriculture Engineering, July 8-12, Spain. http://cigr.ageng2012.org/comunicaciones-online/ htdocs/principal.php?seccion=index-posters.

Li XH, Zhang ZY, Yang J, Zhang GH, Wang B (2011). Effects of bahia grass cover and mulch on runoff and sediment yield of sloping red soil in Southern China. Pedosphere 21(2):238-243.

Liu Y, Taoa Y, Wana KY, Zhanga GS, Liub DB, Xiongb GY, Chena F (2012). Runoff and nutrient losses in citrus orchards on sloping land subjected to different surface mulching practices in the Danjiangkou reservoir area of China. Agricultural Water Management 110:34-40.

Loch RJ, Donnollan TE (1988). Effects of the amount of stubble mulch and overland flow on erosion of a cracking clay soil under simulated rain. Australian Journal of Soil Research 26(4):61-672.

Mannering JV, Meyer LD (1963). Effects of various rates of surface mulch on infiltration and erosion. Soil Science Society of American 27:84-86.

Meyer LD, Wischmeier WH, Foste GR (1970). Mulch rates required for erosion control on steep slopes. Soil Science Society of America 34:928-931.

Mohamadi MA, Kavian A (2015). Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 3:273-281.

Mooers CA, Washko JB, Young JB (1948). Effects of wheat straw, Lespedeza Sericea Hay and farmyard manure as soil mulches, on the conservation of moisture and the production of nitrates. Soil Science 66(4):307-316.

Morgan RPC (1986). Soil erosion and conservation. Longman Scientific and Technical, BurntMile, Harlow, UK.

Morgan RPC (1995). Soil erosion and conservation. Longman, Essex, England.

Mulumba LN, Lal R (2008). Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research 98:106-111.

Nearing MA, Jetten V, Baffaut C, Cerdan O, Couturier A, Hernandez M, … Van Oost K (2005). Modelling response of soil erosion and runoff to changes in precipitation and cover. Catena 61:131-154.

Poesen JWA, Lavee H (1991). Effects of size and incorporation of synthetic mulch on runoff and sediment yield from interrills in a laboratory study with simulated rainfall. Soil and Tillage Research 21:209-223.

Poulenard J, Podwojewski P, Janeau JL, Collinet J, (2001). Runoff and soil erosion under rainfall simulation of andisols from the Ecuadorian Paramo: Effect of tillage and burning. Catena 45:185-207.

Ruy S, Findeling A, Chadoeuf J (2006). Effect of mulching techniques on plot scale runoff: FDTF modelling and sensitivity analysis. Journal of Hydrology 326:277-294.

Sadeghi SHR, Gholami L, Homaee M, Khaledi Darvishan A (2015). Reducing sediment concentration and soil loss using organic and inorganic amendments at plot scale. Solid Earth 6:445-455.

Safari A, Kavian A, Parsakhoo A, Saleh I, Jordán A (2016). Impact of different parts of skid trails on runoff and soil erosion in the Hyrcanian forest (northern Iran). Geoderma 263:161-167.

Shi ZH, Yue BJ, Wang L, Fang NF, Wang D, Wu FZ (2013). Effects of mulch cover rate on interrill erosion processes and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on steep slopes. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77:257-267.

Siepel AC, Steenhuis TS, Rose CW, Parlange JY, McIsaac GF (2002). A simplified hillslope erosion model with vegetation elements for practical applications. Journal of Hydrology 258:111-121.

Smets T, Poesen J, Bochet E (2008). Impact of plot length on the effectiveness of different soil-surface covers in reducing runoff and soil loss by water. Physical Geography 32(6):654-677.

Spalevic V (2011). Impact of land use on runoff and soil erosion in Polimlje. Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Spalevic V, Djurovic N, Mijovic S, Vukelic-Sutoska M, Curovic M (2013). Soil erosion intensity and runoff on the Djuricka River Basin (North of Montenegro). Malaysian Journal of Soil Science 17(1):49-68.

Spalevic V, Lakicevic M, Radanovic D, Billi P, Barovic G, Vujacic D, Sestras P, Khaledi Darvishan A (2017). Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) modelling in the river basins of Mountainous regions: Impact of land cover changes on sediment yield in the Velicka Rijeka in Montenegro. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45(2):602-610.

Unger PW, Jones OR (1981). Effect of soil water content and growing season straw mulch on grain sorghum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45(1):129-134.

University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (2018). Long-term economic impact of cover crops: 29-year study finds cover crops offer benefits with no-till cotton systems. ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018 February 5 from www. Sciencedailycom/releases/2018/02/180205141107.html.

Wang L, Ma B, Wu F (2017). Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall. Solid Earth 8:281-290.